Management as science,art, and profession

Nama : Adnan Madya
Jurusan :Hotel Management
Nim :2011145007

Management is variously defined as science, profession and art. The truth of its status lies somewhere between the three, and there are strong elements of each.

Management as a science

Management is a science in the sense that there are precise, scientific and exact aspects that have to be learned and assimilated. Any manager must have a good grasp of certain quantitative methods and financial and statistical data, as well as certain less scientific, but well tried and tested, elements such as human motivation and the effect of different payment systems on the performance of different occupations. In addition, it may also be described as science, because it also encompasses development of truisms that are often represented as best practices with their emphasis are on measurement and replication of findings across contexts and domains.


Management as a Profession

Management is a profession in so far as there is a general recognition that there are certain knowledge, skills and aptitudes that must be assimilated and understood by anyone who aspires to be a truly effective manager. Management is not a true or traditional profession in the sense that it is not a fully self-regulating occupation, and nor is there yet a named qualification that must be achieved before one is allowed to practice. However, pressure to be both educated and qualified is growing universally. There is recognition also of the correlation between this and expert and effective practice.

Management as an Art

Management is an art in the sense that within these confines and strictures there are great scope for the use of creativity, imagination, initiative and invention within the overall sphere of the occupation. The scientific methods and body of knowledge referred to must be applied in their own way to each and any given situation, issue or problem. This is the creative aspect of the manager’s role and function; and anyone in a managerial position who seeks for prescriptive solutions to organizational problems is likely to fail.